next generation disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration
DDR continues to rely on outdated principles and requires a rethink. The third generation of DDR is around, involving the integration of local elites alongside soldiers, rebels and miltias, in place like the central african republic (CAR), libya, mali and the niger delta
Examples in Haiti and the DRC, with greater experimental design: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0022002707302790
integrated ddr standards has helped fusion of DDR with wider recovery and reconstruction strats
Although there appears to be consensus on the imperative for DDR from Colombia and Haiti to Afghanistan and Libya, there are still many outstanding questions about how this ought to be pursued
maoist fighters in nepal have rejected the discourse of DDR, but they have successfully integrated into the government
DDR has not adapted to engage with terrorist groups, reoccurring problem is the effective “targeting” of assistance.
Important to also realize the difference between “local ownership” and “local particpation” - from Subedi - Combatants to Civilians
next gen DDR takes place before peace agreements have been reached
targets groups that may not be explicit parties in eventual peace agreement
attempts to force and revisits the voluntary nature
ddr and security sector reform (ssr) are seen as intimately related, alongside transitional justice
ddr is reconcieved as a dynamic political process that has to be negotiated with each context and fundalmentally connected to local conditions