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conflict and violence [2ca4acad]

Tags: classes

1. Lecture 1

  • What is violence?

    • are surgons violent?
    • what about natural disasters?
    • what responsbilities do people hve to violence?
  • structural violence?

  • is violence only physical?

    • state effects, social/racial/ethnic lines?
  • war & violence are defined only as physical violence
  • "The coming anomoly" - Kaplan - 1995
  • francis fukuyama - 1992

  • Did these two people look at different processes?

    • did the nature of wars change?

    • the african civil wars lead to the "new wars theory"

      • resources instead of identity

  • how do we define conflict?

  • how do people research a conflict? Body counts?
  • Modern warfare tends to harm women/children

2. Lecture 2

What drives violence? Why do people become violent?

2.1. Shame: Emotions of Morality and Violence

papers

  • Shame as a motivator

    • Desire to seek basic forms of dignity

  • Compares violence to a contagious diease (undetected)

    • Not very convincing tbh, the metaphor somewhat falls flat
    • However, Bonnasse-Gahot et. al in 2005 had a study on how French riots followed a similar "contagion" model
  • Talks about how prisons have a cycle of punishment, harsh behaviors lead to harsh punishments

  • Proposes 3 conditions of violence

    1. Feel deeply ashamed of something
    2. Feel like they have no non-violent alternatives
    3. Lacks emotional capabilities at the time that inhibit the violent impulses
  • Fact note: before large scale woman's shelters, the homicide rate between men/women were about the same. After shelters, the homicide rate of husbands killing wives doubled

  • "It is difficult for many of us to abandon our moral and legal way of thinking about violence" - pg 134

    • Does this also mean we tend to interpret state violence through an inherent legalistic kind of view?

2.2. Glick and Paluck: The Aftermath of Genocide

2.3. Lecture

  • Fukuyama's end of history
  • Kaplan's "The Coming Anarchy"
  • DId both of these look at different processes?
  • Did the nature of war mangle the definitions?
  • "new wars theory" - wars are fought over ideaology, not resources

  • Categorizing War

    • Scale
    • Type
    • Actors

2.4. Connecting Points

  • Remeberence as a victimization

3. Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Conflict

  • Richard Semour - Disaster nationalism
  • ethnic groups as culture bearing units - Bareh: 1965
  • ethnic groups do not have strict political orientaitons
  • what are the forms of collective belonging?
  • modernist (nationalism) vs marxist (nationalism)

  • instrumentalism

    • since ethnicty and nationalism are results of other circumstances

      • can be co-oped by elites
      • do elites bring out these identities?
  • in reality it is very hard to dismiss the actual actors

  • Mamdani - Trans-African Slaveries Thinking Historically

    • political violence in africa is a continuation of colonial rule
  • ethnically delinated regimes tend to be created by colonial rule

4. Migration & Violence

  • people/territory/state -> trinitarian state idea

5. Violence and its victims

  • humanitarian challenges
  • victim centered discourse
  • battle of solfernio
  • ww1 and ww2 were international humantiarian conflicts

  • challenges violence by creating victim and victimized

    • this discourse tends to be too simplistic

  • problems of the victimhood

    • victim/villan dichotemy

      • forced vs non-forced violence

    • force solutions upon refugees

      • we see them as passive
      • harret-bone 1989 imposing aid
      • jennifer hinnman work in kenya of somali refugees

    • excludes

      • the "wrong types" of victims

        • Fassin 2005, ticktin 2005 - Humantiarian borders

          • Ticktin, Miriam. “Where Ethics and Politics Meet: The Violence of Humanitarianism in France.” American Ethnologist 33, no. 1 (2006): 33–49.

  • how do communities resist violence?

    • peace communities in colombia

    • migration as resistance

      • involves agency
      • choosing to take their lives into their own hands

  • resisting camps & detention centers

    • protests and riots in camps
    • often times these places are detention like

  • what is resistance?

    • is resistance collective or individual?

      • protests/riots/strikes

    • contentious politics?

      • contention, collective action
    • score -> weapons of the weak

  • theorizing migrant resistance

    • acts of citizenship

      • enactment of citizenship from below

        • migration gets people to get their righs and claiming of risks
      • acts of citizenship, what changes citizenship

      • dynamic and accounts for rights of migrants

        • but also ignores citizenship's ills
  • automomy of migration movement
  • border securitization

6. Refugges & Nationalism & Violence

  • structure & agency in sociology terms

  • agency - ability for people to take on rules

    • is agency the ability to resist a label imposed by an outsider?

  • context of individual resistance vs collective resistance

    • relationships between resistance and violence?

      • resistance is key to struggling against violence
      • violence breeds resistance

7. Security Climate

  • Cold war security

    • whose security was threatened?

      • primarily state security

  • post cold war shift

    • changes the way security was concieved
    • shift from security studies to constrictivism
    • power struggles between states
    • how are threats constituted?

  • what does a "human security" consist of?

    • states are:

      • armies
      • states
      • terrotires

    • humans are:

      • food
      • health
      • education
      • poverty
  • is this a peculiar masking as a universal?

  • how are things concieved of as security threats?

    • what happens when things become a "other" security threat?